The Influence of Cropping Systems on Photosynthesis, Yield, and Grain Quality of Selected Winter Triticale Cultivars

Soil serves as the fundamental foundation for agricultural production; however, inappropriate utilization of soil in conventional cropping systems (CONV) coupled with practices focused on maximizing profit through attainment high-quality grain yield contributes to its degradation. An alternative CONV is integrated system (INTEG), which based sustainable plant cultivation by reducing use chemical pesticides and fertilizers. interesting two-factor field experiment winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) was conducted 2019–2022 south-eastern Poland. The experimental factors this study included three cultivars, namely Avokado, Medalion, Rotondo, SU Liborius, two systems, INTEG. It found that brought out higher protein lower fat content. under resulted a thousand-grain weight (TGW), improved uniformity, test values compared Additionally, physiological parameters (chlorophyll content fluorescence gas exchange), caused photosynthetic efficiency plants result increased doses mineral fertilizers, despite being cultivated INTEG; cv. Liborius achieved better among tested cultivars grown CONV. Therefore, selection suitable, efficient cultivar allows growth fertilization conditions produces high yields good quality. This knowledge can be valuable farmers, it would facilitate appropriate genetic profile specific agronomic conditions. Eventually, allow propagation contribute enhancing biodiversity while maintaining cost-effectiveness production.